Myanmar, a Southeast Asian country rich in natural resources, has experienced varying levels of economic development due to political instability, military rule, and international sanctions. Its economy is primarily driven by agriculture, but there are significant contributions from mining, forestry, and natural gas sectors. The country is rich in minerals like jade, gemstones, and timber, which form the backbone of its exports. However, international sanctions, especially from Western countries, have limited its global trade interactions, including with the Middle East and West Asia.

The financial and banking systems in Myanmar have faced considerable challenges. Although reforms have been made since the early 2010s to modernize the banking sector, it remains underdeveloped compared to neighboring countries. The Central Bank of Myanmar oversees the monetary policy and is responsible for the issuance of its currency, the kyat (MMK). However, the country faces high inflation rates and currency instability. The banking sector is still highly state-controlled, and access to international banking systems is limited, which makes foreign trade and financial transactions complicated. The lack of a robust digital banking infrastructure and reliance on cash-based transactions has further hindered economic modernization.

Trade between Myanmar and the Middle East/West Asia, although not as extensive as with Southeast Asia or China, primarily revolves around energy and agricultural products. Myanmar exports products like rice, beans, and pulses to countries in the region, while importing petrochemical products, machinery, and electronics from Middle Eastern nations. Countries like the UAE and Qatar have also shown interest in investing in Myanmar’s growing energy sector, especially in oil and gas exploration, considering the country’s potential reserves. However, Myanmar`s economic relations with West Asian countries are still in their early stages, compared to its stronger connections with China, India, and Thailand.

Sanctions imposed due to political issues, such as the military coup in 2021, have made Myanmar’s trade with international markets more complex. While countries in the Middle East may not have imposed the same sanctions as Western nations, financial constraints and a lack of transparency in Myanmar’s governance and business practices create barriers. Nonetheless, its strategic location and abundant resources continue to make it a region of interest for foreign investment, especially as Myanmar looks to diversify its trade relationships beyond neighboring countries and attract investments from West Asia and the Middle East.